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  • Hitchhiker's Guide to Privacy Engineering
    • โ“What is HGPE?
      • โš–๏ธWho is this for?
      • ๐Ÿง™โ€โ™‚๏ธPrivacy Engineering
      • ๐ŸŽจCreative Privacy
      • ๐Ÿ”ฎGenerative AI
      • ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ปAbout the Author
  • ๐Ÿง™โ€โ™‚๏ธThe Ethical AI Governance Playbook 2025 Edition
    • ๐Ÿค–Chapter 1 : AI Literacy
    • ๐ŸŒChapter 2 : AI Governance in the 21st Century
    • โŒ›Chapter 3 - Getting Started with AI Act Compliance
    • ๐Ÿš€Chapter 4 : Rise of AI Governance: Building Ethical & Compliant AI
    • Chapter 5 : Introduction to the Lifecycle of AI
  • ๐ŸŽ“Privacy Engineering Field Guide Season 1
    • โ“Decoding the Digital World: Exploring Everyday Technology
    • ๐Ÿ‘๏ธIntroduction: Why Privacy Matters?
      • Age of Mass Surveillance
      • Privacy & Democracy
      • Privacy & Government Surveillance
    • โšกChapter 1 : How Computers Work?
      • Electricity
      • Bits
      • Logic Gates
      • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
      • Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)
      • Motherboard
      • Data Storage
      • Databases
      • Operating System (OS)
      • Computer Code
      • Programming Languages
      • The File System
      • Bugs and Errors
      • Computer Virus
      • Internet of Things (IoT)
      • Cloud Computing
    • ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธChapter 2 : How the internet works?
      • Physical Infrastructure
      • Network and Protocols
      • Switch
      • Routers
      • IP Address
      • Domain Name System (DNS)
      • Mac Address
      • TCP / IP
      • OSI Model
      • Packets
      • The Client - Server Architecture
      • Secure Socket Shell (SSH)
      • Transport Layer Security (TLS)
      • Firewall
      • Tunnels and VPNs
      • Proxy Server
    • ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธChapter 3 : How Websites Work?
      • HTML
      • CSS
      • Javascript
      • Web Server
      • Browser
      • HTTP
      • Databases
      • Front End (Client Side)
      • Back End (Server Side)
      • Cookies
      • Local Storage
      • Session Storage
      • IndexedDB
      • XHR Requests
      • Web APIs
      • Webhooks
      • Email Server
      • HTTPS
      • Web Application Firewall
      • Single Sign-on (SS0)
      • OAuth 2.0
      • Pixels
      • Canvas Fingerprinting
      • Email Tracking
      • Containers
      • CI/CD
      • Kubernetes
      • Serverless Architecture
    • โš›๏ธChapter 4 : How Quantum Computers Work?
      • Quantum Properties
      • Quantum Bits (Qubits)
      • Decoherence
      • Quantum Circuits
      • Quantum Algorithms
      • Quantum Sensing
      • Post-Quantum Cryptography
    • ๐Ÿ“ณChapter 5 : Mobile Apps and Privacy
      • Battery
      • Processor
      • Mobile Operating Systems
      • Mobile Data Storage
      • Cellular Data
      • Mobile Device Sensors
      • Wireless Connectivity
      • Camera & Microphone
      • Mobile Apps
      • Software Development Kits (SDKs)
      • Mobile Device Identifiers
      • Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
  • ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธโ€โ™‚๏ธPrivacy Engineering Field Guide Season 2
    • โ“Introduction to Privacy Engineering for Non-Techs
      • ๐ŸŽญChapter 1 : Digital Identities
        • What is identity?
        • Authentication Flows
        • Authentication vs. Authorization
        • OAuth 2.0
        • OpenID Connect (OIDC)
        • Self Sovereign Identities
        • Decentralized Identifiers
        • eIDAS
      • ๐Ÿ‘๏ธโ€๐Ÿ—จ๏ธChapter 2 : De-Identification
        • Introduction to De-Identification?
        • Input / Output Privacy
        • De-identification Strategies
        • K-Anonymity
        • Differential Privacy
        • Privacy Threat Modeling
  • ๐Ÿ“–HGPE Story and Lore
    • ๐ŸชฆChapter 1 : The Prologue
    • โ˜„๏ธChapter 2 : Battle for Earth
    • ๐Ÿฆ Chapter 3 : A Nightmare To Remember
    • ๐Ÿง™โ€โ™‚๏ธChapter 4 : The Academy
    • ๐ŸŒƒChapter 5: The Approaching Darkness
    • โš”๏ธChapter 6 : The Invasion
    • ๐ŸฐChapter 7 : The Fall of the Academy
    • ๐Ÿ›ฉ๏ธChapter 8 : The Escape
    • ๐ŸชChapter 9 : The Moon Cave
    • ๐Ÿฆ‡Chapter 10: Queen of Darkness
  • ๐Ÿ“บVideos, Audio Book and Soundtracks
    • ๐ŸŽงReading Episodes
    • ๐ŸŽนSoundtracks
  • ๐Ÿ‘พHGPE Privacy Games and Challenges
    • ๐ŸŽฎData Privacy Day'23 / Privacy Treasure Hunt Game
    • ๐ŸงฉPrivacy Quest
  • ๐Ÿ“ฌSubscribe Now!
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  • What is OSI?
  • How does it work?

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  1. Privacy Engineering Field Guide Season 1
  2. Chapter 2 : How the internet works?

OSI Model

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is a description of how the Internet works.

PreviousTCP / IPNextPackets

Last updated 2 years ago

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What is OSI?

OSI, or the Open Systems Interconnection model, is like a roadmap for how devices should communicate with each other.

It's a set of guidelines that ensures that devices from different manufacturers and with different operating systems can work together seamlessly.

The OSI model breaks down communication into seven layers, each with its own specific role to play. From the physical layer, which deals with things like cables and connectors, to the application layer, which deals with software applications, each layer ensures that data can be transmitted accurately and efficiently.

How does it work?

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is a description of how the Internet works.

It breaks down the functions involved in sending data over the internet and galaxy into seven layers.

Each layer has some function that prepares the data to be sent over wires, cables, and radio waves as a series of bits.

OSI has several more layers in its architecture than TCP/IP model. the 7 Layers of the OSI model are:

During the Digital Identities chapter, we will talk about how the current internet is missing an 8th layer, the identity layer to be considered in the emerging decentralization of identities.

๐Ÿ–ฅ Layer 7 - Application Layer - It's where you'll find web browsers and APIs  

๐Ÿงฌ Layer 6 - Presentation Layer - data is transformed for interoperability compliance requirements of the Galactic Data Act.

๐ŸŽฏ Layer 5 - Session Layer -manages the connections between devices  

๐Ÿ›ฐ Layer 4 - Transport Layer -digital delivery people of the galaxy 

๐Ÿ—บ Layer 3 - Network Layer - maps the efficient communication pathways across the galaxy 

๐Ÿšฆ Layer 2 - Data Link Layer - start or end communication between connected devices.  

โšก๏ธ Layer 1 - Physical Layer - Every Hitchhiker had to troubleshoot anything electronic during their travels, and Layer 1 is where you'd answer the question, "Is it plugged in?". 
๐ŸŽ“
๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
The Academy campus was expanded multiple times over the years. As it became the headquarters of the Order of Epoch and was used for many purposes. A selective group of talented younglings from all over the galaxy came to study and experiment with the PETs and magical PE arts in the Academy. Journals of Order of Epoch, 2341 Anno Domini
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